do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia
361377, 1996. Lessons Learned from the 1997-98 El Nio, M. H. Glantz, Ed., pp. However, the spatial and temporal patterns, intensity, and impact of extreme climate on socioeconomic activities are different from region to region. The extreme maximum temperature change is also significant compared to the historical observed extreme events. December 2020. Ethiopias equatorial rainforests in the south and southwest are characterized by high rainfall and humidity, while the Afro-Alpine on the summits of the Semien and Bale mountains, and the north-east, east and south-east lowlands experiencing desert-like conditions. The temporal variability of rainfall is characterized by; Based on rainfall distribution, both in space and time, four rainfall regions can be identified in Ethiopia and the Horn. IPCC, in Contribution of working group i to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, p. 881, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2001. 12, no. The decomposition of wastes in landfills, agriculture, ruminant digestion and manure management, synthetic compounds manufacturing, clearing of land for agriculture, industrial activities, and other human activities have increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. 11, pp. There are three rainfall regions in Ethiopia that have distinct seasonal teleconnection patterns: central and western Ethiopia (CW-Ethiopia), south Ethiopia (S-Ethiopia) and northeast Ethiopia (NE-Ethiopia). 1-4, pp. WFP, Ethiopia Overview, World Food Program, Rome, Italy, 2015. The multiple regression model shows that 91.1% of temporal variation in streamflow was accounted for rainfall, whereas, 96.6% and 78.4% of temporal and spatial variation in potential evapotranspiration was accounted for in maximum temperature and NDVI, respectively. The study attempts to identify global and more regional processes affecting the large-scale summer climate patterns that govern rainfall anomalies. According to Viste et al. M. Sarofim, S. Saha, M. Hawkins et al., Ch. The FMAM seasonal standardized rainfall anomaly revealed significant variability over eastern, southeastern, northern, and northeastern portions of the country (Figures 2(c) and 3). The Her work has appeared in Travel + Leisure, USA Today, Michelin Guides, Hemispheres, DuJour, and Forbes. 5.1 Introduction5.2. 0000089999 00000 n
Rainfall during the FMAM season is highly variable in time and space, and also the highest maximum temperature occurs during FMAM. Climate Change poses a huge challenge to Ethiopians as experienced in 1974, 1984, 2002 and 2015/2016 152, no. Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph. Trend analysis for the long-termaverage temperature and rainfall of Ethiopia during 1901 to 2015 has been performed to understand the pattern of these important meteorological features under climate change. The Wurch-zone is an area having altitude higher than 3,200 meters above sea level and mean annual temperature of less than 100C. Ethiopia's average annual temperature has risen between 1955 and 2015 by 1.65c. Upon the completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Distinguish between weather and climate, Explicate the spatiotemporal patterns and distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, Analyse climate and its implications on biophysical and socioeconomicaspects, Comprehend the causes, consequences andresponse mechanisms of climate change. IPCC, Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012, A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Daily maximum temperature varies from a high of more than 370c over the lowlands in northeast and southeast to a low of about 10 -150c over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. Low 62F. Thanks to its location on an elevated plateau, Addis Ababa enjoys a pleasantly cool climate that can be a welcome respite for travelers arriving from the country's desert areas. To encompass the system, it needs an understanding of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, and Trade Winds.Rainfall in Ethiopia is the result is influenced by the position of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Agriculture and water resource sectors are most likely to be heavily affected by the variability and reduced precipitation extremes and increased intensity, longer dry spells, and greater evaporation under more extreme temperatures. Warming has exacerbated droughts, and desertification in the lowlands of the country is expanding. (c) Mean annual rainfall climatology (mm). [5], Ethiopia's climate will further be warming of 0.7C and 2.3 by the 2020s and between 1.4C and 2.9C by the 2050s. MoWR/NMA, Government Humanitarian Partners Joint Flood Contingency Plan for 2007 Main Rainy Season in Ethiopia, MoWR/NMA, New Delhi, India, 2007. Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms. Chance of rain 90%. 7383, 2008. According to Kidanu et al. Parts of central and northern Ethiopia experience a sporadic, secondary wet-season, Belg, which often has considerably less rainfall and occurs from February to May. The severe drought of 2015-2016 was exacerbated by the strongest El Nino that caused successive harvest failures and widespread livestock deaths in some regions. Climate change is one of the most complex issues facing us today. Extreme weather events are poised to have a higher impact as compared to mean climate [13]. S. Andualem, T. Tsegaye, R. Clinton, and O. Robert, Precipitation extremes in dynamically downscaled climate scenarios over the Greater Horn Of Africa, Atmosphere, vol. 6, pp. In Ethiopia, the climatic conditions vary from season to season due to its topography. 12, pp. The eastern corner of the country is very arid and experiences very little rainfall. WebClimate change is causing new humanitarian crises and accelerating existing ones in vulnerable communities around the world. In these seasons, rainfall totals up to 500 mm, that means adequate for watering for viable farming and pastures. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The results of temperature extremes like tropical nights (TR20), monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), monthly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), and warm spell duration indicator (WSDI) show a significant increasing trend. 0000188900 00000 n
The projected precipitation extremes of CWD, PRCPTOT, very wet day annual total (R95p), and the number of heavy precipitation days (R10) show a decreasing trend. A regression model of previous monthly rainfall at lag 0 and Lag 2, monthly mean maximum temperature at lag 2 and Lag 3, and monthly mean minimum temperature at lag 3 were found as the best prediction model for monthly malaria incidence. These results highlight the need for planning and developing effective adaptation strategies for disaster prevention. Increase the use of renewable energy such as solar. The projected spatial analysis of percentile-based extremes shows that the frequency of cold nights (TN10) is decreased, while the frequency of warm nights (TN90p) is dominated by a positive trend over Ethiopia for the coming periods (Figure 13). Previous studies of Osima et al. The distribution of weather and climate elements over the surface of the earth is uneven in terms of magnitude and time. This page presents Ethiopia'sclimate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. 37, no. The CRU TS4.01 is discussed at length by the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit [29] and accessed from https://data.ceda.ac.uk//badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.01/data/ gridded at 0.5 latitude by 0.5 longitude resolution. So even if we stopped emitting all greenhouse gases today, global warming and climate change will continue as it has natural source of emission. High 73F. DYgw^.eJ[:e2W:s0>Ea2hal^t#"MG'cXuYCz[M'*. IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change the Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007. The primary rainy season, Kiremt, occurs from mid-June to mid-September and accounts for 5080% of annual rainfall. You and C. Ringler, Hydro-Economic Modeling of Climate Change Impacts in Ethiopia (No. 4, pp. H|TMs8W(qvN;jOiJk(d %7>$4o
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A3$&+KQNpgK4?kBp!" 27, no. Hotness or coldness, rainy or cloudiness, sunniness, windiness or calmness, of air you are feeling on the daily base in your current location are expressions of weather. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreases towards the interior highlands. Altitude is the height of location above the mean sea level. do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is The rise has spatial and temporalvariation. (TNn) extremes also show an increasing trend over Jimma and a decreasing trend over Combolcha (Table 3). Previous studies indicate that vegetation and lakes in arid and semi-arid regions are closely related to climate change. Winds NNE at 15 to 25 mph. The warming of earth planet in the past 50 years is majorly driven by human activities. The strategy aimed to promote a green economy with economic development by curbing greenhouse gas emissions.[1]. Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph. Roughly 70 percent of the population lives The second mode of EOF revealed a positive trend over most parts and a negative trend over northwestern Ethiopia, while the third mode of JJAS EOF showed a negative trend over northern, northeastern, northwestern, and eastern parts and also a positive trend over southwestern, central, and southern parts of Ethiopia (Figure 4). 39, no. (TXn) and minimum value of daily minimum temp. %%EOF
CDD, a measure of extremely dry conditions, shows an increasing trend in the coming periods over Ethiopia. [80] observed a projected temperature increase within the African tropics varying from 3 to 7C for the period 20732098. Webfind figurative language in my text generator. Z. T. Segele and P. J. Lamb, Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. The county's vulnerability to climate change could increase irrevocable poverty, rapid population growth, and dependency on rain-fed agriculture. Pas du tout Lgrement Bien Trs bien Parfait 0000004447 00000 n
Strong wind, high temperature, low relative humidity, and little cloud cover usually characterize Bereha. To assess the changes in precipitation patterns and extremes, a number of indicators were calculated based on the ETCCDI definitions (Table 1). 53, pp. The temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of crops grown in Ethiopia. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Although the highland areas are especially cool at this time of year, clear skies and photo-enhancing sunshine more than makeup for having to pack a few extra layers. For instance, unlike other parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reduced temperature. Solstice is an event when the overhead sun appears to cross northern or southern points relative to the celestial equator resulting in unequal length of days and nights in the hemispheres. L. Argaud, T. Ferry, Q. H. Le et al., Short- and long-term outcomes of heatstroke following the 2003 heat wave in Lyon, France, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. T. C. Peterson, C. Folland, G. Gruza, W. Hogg, N. Plummer, and A. Mokssit, Report on the activities of the working group on climate change detection and related rapporteurs 1998-2001, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001, Report WCDMP-47, WMO-TD 1071. W. Bewket and D. Conway, A note on the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the drought-prone Amhara region of Ethiopia, International Journal of Climatology, vol. The JJAS seasonal standardized rainfall anomaly result indicated that it was variable and erratic over eastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of Ethiopia (Figures 2(d) and 3). Between the mid-1970s and late 2000s, Belg and Kiremt rainfall, based on quality controlled station observations, decreased by 1520 percent across parts of southern, southwestern, and southeastern Ethiopia. Representative concentration pathways considered in this study. 17161733, 2013. Climate extremes such as drought and flood affect various socioeconomic activities, and understanding the intensity and frequency of extreme climate is very important [57]. 747756, 2010. WebEthiopia has experienced an increase in temperature of around 0.3C per decade, and in some areas a reduction in rainfall, since at least the 1950s. The sun shines directly on equator for more hours during the year than anywhere else. Efficient means of transport implementation: electric public transport, bicycle, shared cars etc. Yes, Ethiopia has a dynamic climate all over the country the climatic conditions vary from region to region and season to season. The analysis was based on the records of observed meteorological data and the future projected from the CMIP5 model under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Most of the projected temperature extremes show an increasing trend in the coming decades, and these extremes may affect various socioeconomic activities. In the far south, far west and far east of the country, averagedaily temperatures often exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius). 15, no. 0
Articles on all aspects of the assessment and analysis of weather and climate extremes are welcome, including: observation, detection, and monitoring; processes of creation, development, and extinction; external factors/drivers and internal mechanisms; space-time distribution and natural/forced variability at various scales; current and future Planning a trip toEthiopiarequires a basic understanding of the country's tricky climate in order to make the very most of your time there. Webdo we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia. A study conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia indicated the recent mean change in temperature as a reason for territorial expansion to 16002400 m asl where approximately 43% of Ethiopia's total population currently lives [17]. WebTrend analysis for the long-term average temperature and rainfall of Ethiopia during 1901 to 2015 has been performed to understand the pattern of these important meteorological features under climate change. The annual total rainfall is 851 mm. 3LA0S)d
L~+0y}}}} R. H. Moss, J. All of the projected temperature extremes including warm spell duration indicated an increasing trend and led towards the increase of heat waves and related disasters over Ethiopia. A. Edmonds, K. A. Hibbard et al., The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment, Nature, vol. 592616, 2013. 3, pp. Water stress is already a challenge in various economic sectors [72]. Rainfall over the tropical semiarid and arid areas is characterized by high interannual variability [50]. A description on each of the zones is presented as follows. Elevated temperatures also have major consequences on livestock and terrestrial biota generally [810]. The projected spatial minimum temperature increases by approximately 0.72 to 1.2C and 1.6 to 2.8C under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively (Figure 12). However, the responses of vegetation and lakes to climate-related variables have rarely been contrastively studied. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? K. Riahi, S. Rao, V. Krey et al., RCP 8.5a scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions, Climatic Change, vol. Rain falls infrequently in this area, although the river itself serves to keep the land fertile even at the height of the dry season. 156 0 obj
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Bereha is the hot arid climate of the desert lowlands. It was found that the frequency of warm spell duration indicator days has increased, while the frequency of cold days has decreased. Study concludes that there is an increase in the average temperature in Ethiopia but, it constitutes ahigh degree of stability in rainfall rate and distribution. Temperatures across Ethiopia can range from 15C over the highlands, to above 25C in the lowlands. Web Los Angeles Times, 27 Jan. 2023 Existing models of glacier dynamics and ice discharge underestimate the actual rate of ice loss in recent decades. Average annual temperature ranges between 20oc and 30oc. Mitigation measures are those actions that are taken to reduce and control greenhouse gas emissions changing the climate. Ethiopia generally exhibits largely arid with high variability of precipitation falls into three zones: the Alpine vegetated cool zones, also known as Dega, with areas over 2,600 meters above sea level, where temperatures range from cold 16C; the temperate session known as Woyna Dega zones, where much of the country's population concentrated in areas between 1,500 and 2,500 meters above sea level where temperatures range between 16C and 30C; and the hot session known as Qola zone, encompassing both tropical and arid regions, having temperatures ranging 27C to 50C. The bimodal types are short rain in February-April and the long rain from June to early September. 0000014469 00000 n
This spot where Wolf Point Creek meets Muir Inlet is a dynamic place. 324, pp. Moreover, the three leading modes of JJAS indicated 38.4%, 21.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, and the first mode shows that 38.4% was a positive trend over most parts of Ethiopia (Figure 4). The normal lapse rate is 6.5C per kilometer rise in altitude. 13451358, 2004. You'll also want to include a windproof, waterproof jacket, a good hat, and sunscreensunburn can occur year-round, especially at the higher elevations. Trends of observed precipitation extremes of annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT), consecutive wet days (CWD), and the number of heavy precipitation days (R10 and R20) show a weak and decreasing trend, while consecutive dry days (CDD) shows an increasing trend. 623642, 2014. According to the report of World Bank [63], the mean annual rainfall will decrease by 1025% in the central highlands, by 010% in the south, and by more than 25% in the northern areas of the country in the coming periods. 16, no. Abstract Recent heightened concern regarding possible consequences of anthropogenically induced global warming has spurred analyses of data aimed at detection of climate change and more thorough characterization of the natural climate variability. There are some mitigation measures that can be taken to avoid the increase of pollutant emissions. [51] who reported that the FebruaryMay rainy season contributes up to 40% of the annual rainfall over northeastern, central, and southwestern Ethiopia and is characterized by significant interannual and intraseasonal variability. 0000001853 00000 n
0000009445 00000 n
1, pp. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. E. Viste, D. Korecha, and A. Sorteberg, Recent drought and precipitation tendencies in Ethiopia, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol. The results of SRA are presented graphically and in the tabular form, and the following equation is employed to calculate the SRA:where SRA is the standardized seasonal rainfall anomaly in season t, St is the seasonal rainfall in season t, Sm is the long-term mean seasonal rainfall over the period of observation, and is the standardized deviation of seasonal rainfall over the period of observation. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. ]OB_ku.toi3~>[_qsYz-]KeeSYJlE@kAo[0hha67;i0{=~^{:=B& lB& lB& lB& lB& lB& l The contour-based seasonal rainfall analysis of FMAM and JJAS shows that, over northeastern, central, southern, and southeastern parts of the country, the seasonal rainfall is variable (Figures 2(a) and 2(b)). Although the days are clear and sunny, be prepared for the fact that nighttime temperatures can dip as low as 40 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius). The sun is at its highest position in the noonday sky, directly above 23 in the Tropic of Cancer. 0000011918 00000 n
Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Trend analysis of long-term rainfall and temperature data for Ethiopia, a Water Management (Agriculture) Division, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, India;b Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, a Water Management (Agriculture) Division, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, India, c Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Cochin, India;d Geomatics Division, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, India, /doi/full/10.1080/03736245.2020.1835699?needAccess=true. Region and season to season did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online you... Poised to have a higher impact as compared to mean climate [ 13.. 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The Her work has appeared in Travel + Leisure, USA Today, Michelin Guides, Hemispheres, DuJour, and Forbes. 5.1 Introduction5.2. 0000089999 00000 n
Rainfall during the FMAM season is highly variable in time and space, and also the highest maximum temperature occurs during FMAM. Climate Change poses a huge challenge to Ethiopians as experienced in 1974, 1984, 2002 and 2015/2016 152, no. Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph. Trend analysis for the long-termaverage temperature and rainfall of Ethiopia during 1901 to 2015 has been performed to understand the pattern of these important meteorological features under climate change. The Wurch-zone is an area having altitude higher than 3,200 meters above sea level and mean annual temperature of less than 100C. Ethiopia's average annual temperature has risen between 1955 and 2015 by 1.65c. Upon the completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Distinguish between weather and climate, Explicate the spatiotemporal patterns and distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, Analyse climate and its implications on biophysical and socioeconomicaspects, Comprehend the causes, consequences andresponse mechanisms of climate change. IPCC, Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012, A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Daily maximum temperature varies from a high of more than 370c over the lowlands in northeast and southeast to a low of about 10 -150c over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. Low 62F. Thanks to its location on an elevated plateau, Addis Ababa enjoys a pleasantly cool climate that can be a welcome respite for travelers arriving from the country's desert areas. To encompass the system, it needs an understanding of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, and Trade Winds.Rainfall in Ethiopia is the result is influenced by the position of Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Agriculture and water resource sectors are most likely to be heavily affected by the variability and reduced precipitation extremes and increased intensity, longer dry spells, and greater evaporation under more extreme temperatures. Warming has exacerbated droughts, and desertification in the lowlands of the country is expanding. (c) Mean annual rainfall climatology (mm). [5], Ethiopia's climate will further be warming of 0.7C and 2.3 by the 2020s and between 1.4C and 2.9C by the 2050s. MoWR/NMA, Government Humanitarian Partners Joint Flood Contingency Plan for 2007 Main Rainy Season in Ethiopia, MoWR/NMA, New Delhi, India, 2007. Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms. Chance of rain 90%. 7383, 2008. According to Kidanu et al. Parts of central and northern Ethiopia experience a sporadic, secondary wet-season, Belg, which often has considerably less rainfall and occurs from February to May. The severe drought of 2015-2016 was exacerbated by the strongest El Nino that caused successive harvest failures and widespread livestock deaths in some regions. Climate change is one of the most complex issues facing us today. Extreme weather events are poised to have a higher impact as compared to mean climate [13]. S. Andualem, T. Tsegaye, R. Clinton, and O. Robert, Precipitation extremes in dynamically downscaled climate scenarios over the Greater Horn Of Africa, Atmosphere, vol. 6, pp. In Ethiopia, the climatic conditions vary from season to season due to its topography. 12, pp. The eastern corner of the country is very arid and experiences very little rainfall. WebClimate change is causing new humanitarian crises and accelerating existing ones in vulnerable communities around the world. In these seasons, rainfall totals up to 500 mm, that means adequate for watering for viable farming and pastures. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The results of temperature extremes like tropical nights (TR20), monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature (TXx), monthly maximum value of daily minimum temperature (TNx), and warm spell duration indicator (WSDI) show a significant increasing trend. 0000188900 00000 n
The projected precipitation extremes of CWD, PRCPTOT, very wet day annual total (R95p), and the number of heavy precipitation days (R10) show a decreasing trend. A regression model of previous monthly rainfall at lag 0 and Lag 2, monthly mean maximum temperature at lag 2 and Lag 3, and monthly mean minimum temperature at lag 3 were found as the best prediction model for monthly malaria incidence. These results highlight the need for planning and developing effective adaptation strategies for disaster prevention. Increase the use of renewable energy such as solar. The projected spatial analysis of percentile-based extremes shows that the frequency of cold nights (TN10) is decreased, while the frequency of warm nights (TN90p) is dominated by a positive trend over Ethiopia for the coming periods (Figure 13). Previous studies of Osima et al. The distribution of weather and climate elements over the surface of the earth is uneven in terms of magnitude and time. This page presents Ethiopia'sclimate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. 37, no. The CRU TS4.01 is discussed at length by the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit [29] and accessed from https://data.ceda.ac.uk//badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.01/data/ gridded at 0.5 latitude by 0.5 longitude resolution. 
So even if we stopped emitting all greenhouse gases today, global warming and climate change will continue as it has natural source of emission. High 73F. DYgw^.eJ[:e2W:s0>Ea2hal^t#"MG'cXuYCz[M'*. IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change the Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007. The primary rainy season, Kiremt, occurs from mid-June to mid-September and accounts for 5080% of annual rainfall. You and C. Ringler, Hydro-Economic Modeling of Climate Change Impacts in Ethiopia (No. 4, pp. H|TMs8W(qvN;jOiJk(d %7>$4o
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Hotness or coldness, rainy or cloudiness, sunniness, windiness or calmness, of air you are feeling on the daily base in your current location are expressions of weather. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreases towards the interior highlands. Altitude is the height of location above the mean sea level. do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is The rise has spatial and temporalvariation. (TNn) extremes also show an increasing trend over Jimma and a decreasing trend over Combolcha (Table 3). Previous studies indicate that vegetation and lakes in arid and semi-arid regions are closely related to climate change. Winds NNE at 15 to 25 mph. The warming of earth planet in the past 50 years is majorly driven by human activities. The strategy aimed to promote a green economy with economic development by curbing greenhouse gas emissions.[1]. Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph. Roughly 70 percent of the population lives The second mode of EOF revealed a positive trend over most parts and a negative trend over northwestern Ethiopia, while the third mode of JJAS EOF showed a negative trend over northern, northeastern, northwestern, and eastern parts and also a positive trend over southwestern, central, and southern parts of Ethiopia (Figure 4). 39, no. (TXn) and minimum value of daily minimum temp. %%EOF
CDD, a measure of extremely dry conditions, shows an increasing trend in the coming periods over Ethiopia. [80] observed a projected temperature increase within the African tropics varying from 3 to 7C for the period 20732098. Webfind figurative language in my text generator. Z. T. Segele and P. J. Lamb, Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. The county's vulnerability to climate change could increase irrevocable poverty, rapid population growth, and dependency on rain-fed agriculture. Pas du tout Lgrement Bien Trs bien Parfait 0000004447 00000 n
Strong wind, high temperature, low relative humidity, and little cloud cover usually characterize Bereha. To assess the changes in precipitation patterns and extremes, a number of indicators were calculated based on the ETCCDI definitions (Table 1). 53, pp. The temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of crops grown in Ethiopia. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Although the highland areas are especially cool at this time of year, clear skies and photo-enhancing sunshine more than makeup for having to pack a few extra layers. For instance, unlike other parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reduced temperature. Solstice is an event when the overhead sun appears to cross northern or southern points relative to the celestial equator resulting in unequal length of days and nights in the hemispheres. L. Argaud, T. Ferry, Q. H. Le et al., Short- and long-term outcomes of heatstroke following the 2003 heat wave in Lyon, France, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. T. C. Peterson, C. Folland, G. Gruza, W. Hogg, N. Plummer, and A. Mokssit, Report on the activities of the working group on climate change detection and related rapporteurs 1998-2001, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001, Report WCDMP-47, WMO-TD 1071. W. Bewket and D. Conway, A note on the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the drought-prone Amhara region of Ethiopia, International Journal of Climatology, vol. The JJAS seasonal standardized rainfall anomaly result indicated that it was variable and erratic over eastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of Ethiopia (Figures 2(d) and 3). Between the mid-1970s and late 2000s, Belg and Kiremt rainfall, based on quality controlled station observations, decreased by 1520 percent across parts of southern, southwestern, and southeastern Ethiopia. 
Representative concentration pathways considered in this study. 17161733, 2013. Climate extremes such as drought and flood affect various socioeconomic activities, and understanding the intensity and frequency of extreme climate is very important [57]. 747756, 2010. WebEthiopia has experienced an increase in temperature of around 0.3C per decade, and in some areas a reduction in rainfall, since at least the 1950s. The sun shines directly on equator for more hours during the year than anywhere else. Efficient means of transport implementation: electric public transport, bicycle, shared cars etc. Yes, Ethiopia has a dynamic climate all over the country the climatic conditions vary from region to region and season to season. The analysis was based on the records of observed meteorological data and the future projected from the CMIP5 model under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. 
Most of the projected temperature extremes show an increasing trend in the coming decades, and these extremes may affect various socioeconomic activities. In the far south, far west and far east of the country, averagedaily temperatures often exceed 85 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius). 15, no. 0
Articles on all aspects of the assessment and analysis of weather and climate extremes are welcome, including: observation, detection, and monitoring; processes of creation, development, and extinction; external factors/drivers and internal mechanisms; space-time distribution and natural/forced variability at various scales; current and future Planning a trip toEthiopiarequires a basic understanding of the country's tricky climate in order to make the very most of your time there. Webdo we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia. A study conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia indicated the recent mean change in temperature as a reason for territorial expansion to 16002400 m asl where approximately 43% of Ethiopia's total population currently lives [17]. 
WebTrend analysis for the long-term average temperature and rainfall of Ethiopia during 1901 to 2015 has been performed to understand the pattern of these important meteorological features under climate change. The annual total rainfall is 851 mm. 3LA0S)d
L~+0y}}}} R. H. Moss, J. All of the projected temperature extremes including warm spell duration indicated an increasing trend and led towards the increase of heat waves and related disasters over Ethiopia. A. Edmonds, K. A. Hibbard et al., The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment, Nature, vol. 592616, 2013. 3, pp. Water stress is already a challenge in various economic sectors [72]. Rainfall over the tropical semiarid and arid areas is characterized by high interannual variability [50]. A description on each of the zones is presented as follows. Elevated temperatures also have major consequences on livestock and terrestrial biota generally [810]. The projected spatial minimum temperature increases by approximately 0.72 to 1.2C and 1.6 to 2.8C under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively (Figure 12). However, the responses of vegetation and lakes to climate-related variables have rarely been contrastively studied. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? K. Riahi, S. Rao, V. Krey et al., RCP 8.5a scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions, Climatic Change, vol. Rain falls infrequently in this area, although the river itself serves to keep the land fertile even at the height of the dry season. 156 0 obj
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Bereha is the hot arid climate of the desert lowlands. It was found that the frequency of warm spell duration indicator days has increased, while the frequency of cold days has decreased. Study concludes that there is an increase in the average temperature in Ethiopia but, it constitutes ahigh degree of stability in rainfall rate and distribution. Temperatures across Ethiopia can range from 15C over the highlands, to above 25C in the lowlands. Web Los Angeles Times, 27 Jan. 2023 Existing models of glacier dynamics and ice discharge underestimate the actual rate of ice loss in recent decades. Average annual temperature ranges between 20oc and 30oc. Mitigation measures are those actions that are taken to reduce and control greenhouse gas emissions changing the climate. Ethiopia generally exhibits largely arid with high variability of precipitation falls into three zones: the Alpine vegetated cool zones, also known as Dega, with areas over 2,600 meters above sea level, where temperatures range from cold 16C; the temperate session known as Woyna Dega zones, where much of the country's population concentrated in areas between 1,500 and 2,500 meters above sea level where temperatures range between 16C and 30C; and the hot session known as Qola zone, encompassing both tropical and arid regions, having temperatures ranging 27C to 50C. The bimodal types are short rain in February-April and the long rain from June to early September. 0000014469 00000 n
This spot where Wolf Point Creek meets Muir Inlet is a dynamic place. 324, pp. Moreover, the three leading modes of JJAS indicated 38.4%, 21.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, and the first mode shows that 38.4% was a positive trend over most parts of Ethiopia (Figure 4). The normal lapse rate is 6.5C per kilometer rise in altitude. 13451358, 2004. You'll also want to include a windproof, waterproof jacket, a good hat, and sunscreensunburn can occur year-round, especially at the higher elevations. Trends of observed precipitation extremes of annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT), consecutive wet days (CWD), and the number of heavy precipitation days (R10 and R20) show a weak and decreasing trend, while consecutive dry days (CDD) shows an increasing trend. 623642, 2014. According to the report of World Bank [63], the mean annual rainfall will decrease by 1025% in the central highlands, by 010% in the south, and by more than 25% in the northern areas of the country in the coming periods. 16, no. Abstract Recent heightened concern regarding possible consequences of anthropogenically induced global warming has spurred analyses of data aimed at detection of climate change and more thorough characterization of the natural climate variability. There are some mitigation measures that can be taken to avoid the increase of pollutant emissions. [51] who reported that the FebruaryMay rainy season contributes up to 40% of the annual rainfall over northeastern, central, and southwestern Ethiopia and is characterized by significant interannual and intraseasonal variability. 0000001853 00000 n
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1, pp. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. E. Viste, D. Korecha, and A. Sorteberg, Recent drought and precipitation tendencies in Ethiopia, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol. The results of SRA are presented graphically and in the tabular form, and the following equation is employed to calculate the SRA:where SRA is the standardized seasonal rainfall anomaly in season t, St is the seasonal rainfall in season t, Sm is the long-term mean seasonal rainfall over the period of observation, and is the standardized deviation of seasonal rainfall over the period of observation. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. ]OB_ku.toi3~>[_qsYz-]KeeSYJlE@kAo[0hha67;i0{=~^{:=B& lB& lB& lB& lB& lB& l The contour-based seasonal rainfall analysis of FMAM and JJAS shows that, over northeastern, central, southern, and southeastern parts of the country, the seasonal rainfall is variable (Figures 2(a) and 2(b)). Although the days are clear and sunny, be prepared for the fact that nighttime temperatures can dip as low as 40 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius). The sun is at its highest position in the noonday sky, directly above 23 in the Tropic of Cancer. 0000011918 00000 n
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